Geopolitics plays a very significant role in global trade, influencing economic trends, policies, and relations between countries. In a broader context, geopolitics refers to political forces and strategies determined by geographic factors. Tensions between countries or economic blocs often create impacts that change the landscape of international trade. One of the most striking examples is the trade war between the United States and China. The tariff policy imposed by the US on Chinese products has created a domino effect, changing supply chains and prompting other countries to make adjustments. Countries such as Vietnam and India are taking the opportunity to attract investment that previously flowed to China. In the energy sphere, geopolitics also plays an important role. Energy producing countries such as Russia, the Middle East, and the United States are involved in complex relationships that influence global oil prices. Tensions in OPEC countries can cause price fluctuations that impact the world economy. Policy changes and sanctions against certain countries often disrupt supply chains and increase uncertainty. In addition, climate change and competition for resources are also increasingly pressing issues. Countries are seeking to develop renewable energy sources, sparking new competition in the green industry. Investments in new technologies create trade opportunities, but also lead to conflict between countries that want to maintain dominance in the fossil energy sector. Then, diplomatic relations and collaboration between countries play a role in bridging or exacerbating tensions. Free trade agreements such as RCEP and TPP show how countries are seeking to form alliances to increase their competitiveness in the global market. However, if conflict occurs, this relationship can easily be shaken. Current international trade is also colored by issues of human rights and work ethics. Increasingly conscious consumers often choose products based on origin and production practices. Countries that do not meet these standards can be subject to boycotts, which in turn affects their economies. In the digital era, geopolitics also touches technological and cyber aspects. Information warfare and cyber attacks can undermine trust between countries and affect electronic commerce. Countries must now consider data security in their trade policies. The rise of new economies in Asia, such as India and Indonesia, shows a shift in global economic power. Heavy foreign investment in this region is creating new dynamics that are changing the map of world trade. However, nationalist tensions can also hinder trade flows, creating uncertainty for investors. Today’s global trade is characterized by intense competition, where every decision can have a major impact. Factors such as political uncertainty, changes in economic policies, and technological innovation will continue to influence the way countries interact and transact in international markets. Companies must always be alert and adaptive to these changes to remain competitive in the ever-evolving global market.
